What is explosive dehiscence?

Explosive dehiscence is a mechanism of seed dispersal in plants where the capsules or fruits burst open suddenly, propelling the seeds away from the mother plant. This occurs when the fruit or capsule is under high internal pressure due to the buildup of gases, and the tissue holding it together suddenly ruptures. This process is often triggered by environmental cues such as changes in temperature, humidity, or light.

This method of seed dispersal is common in many plants, including irises, violas, and mistletoe. It allows the seeds to be spread over a wider area, increasing the chances of successful germination and survival. However, explosive dehiscence can also be harmful to humans, as some plants such as squirrel corn and jewelweed can propel their fruits with enough force to cause eye injury or allergic reactions.